{"id":3845,"date":"2019-06-10T15:18:07","date_gmt":"2019-06-10T22:18:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/?page_id=3845"},"modified":"2024-04-16T10:27:22","modified_gmt":"2024-04-16T17:27:22","slug":"bi-lab","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/research\/labs\/bi-lab\/","title":{"rendered":"Bi Lab"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"hero-secondary\">\n  <div class=\"relative bg-black\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"adhere object-cover\" src=\"\/media\/osteopathic\/bi-home.jpg\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"100vw\" alt=\"bi-home\">\n      <div class=\"adhere gradient-overlay\"><\/div>\n        <div class=\"relative container pt-56 md:pt-112 pb-72 md:pb-112\">\n      <div class=\"md:flex md:justify-between px-12\">\n        <div class=\"sm:w-8\/12 md:w-6\/12 xl:w-5\/12 px-12\">\n                      <div class=\"mb-20\">\n              <div class=\"block font-sans font-bold text-14 text-white leading-130\">\n  <span class=\"inline-block\">\n    <a href=\"\/\" class=\"block hover:underline\">WesternU<\/a>\n  <\/span>\n      <span class=\"inline-block mx-6\">\/<\/span>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\" class=\"inline-block hover:underline\">College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific (COMP) and COMP-Northwest<\/a>\n          <span class=\"inline-block mx-6\">\/<\/span>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/research\/\" class=\"inline-block hover:underline\">Research<\/a>\n    <span class=\"inline-block mx-6\">\/<\/span>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/research\/labs\/\" class=\"inline-block hover:underline\">Research Labs<\/a>\n    <span class=\"inline-block mx-6\">\/<\/span>\n    <span class=\"inline-block\">Bi Lab<\/span>\n  <\/div>            <\/div>\n                                        <h1 class=\"t-h1-sans  text-white\">Bi Lab<\/h1>\n        <\/div>\n                  <ul class=\"ml-64 md:ml-0 md:w-5\/12 lg:w-4\/12 xl:w-3\/12 px-12 mt-32 md:mt-0\">\n                          <li class=\"block mt-24\">\n                <a class=\"flex py-12 xl:py-20 items-center rounded-5 lg:rounded-8 bg-black hover:bg-gray-dark font-sans font-extrabold text-18 xl:text-24 leading-130 text-white transition-default group\" href=\"\">\n                                    <div class=\"flex flex-col justify-center pr-20\">\n                    <span class=\"block group-hover:underline\"><\/span>\n                                      <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n              <\/li>\n                      <\/ul>\n              <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"relative my-48 md:my-72\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"lg:flex px-12 lg:justify-start\">\n              <div class=\"w-full lg:w-5\/12 2xl:w-4\/12 -mt-80 md:-mt-112 mb-48 px-12 lg:pr-32\">\n                              <nav class=\"py-28 px-40 2xl:px-64 rounded-5 md:rounded-8 bg-gray-darker text-white mb-40\">\n            <ul>\n                                              <li class=\"block my-8\">\n                  <a class=\"text-22 font-normal leading-130 tracking-20 text-white hover:text-yellow transition-default\" href=\"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/research\/labs\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Research Labs<\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                              <li class=\"block my-8\">\n                  <a class=\"text-22 font-normal leading-130 tracking-20 text-white hover:text-yellow transition-default\" href=\"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/research\/labs\/bi-lab\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Bi Lab<\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                              <li class=\"block my-8\">\n                  <a class=\"text-22 font-normal leading-130 tracking-20 text-white hover:text-yellow transition-default\" href=\"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/research\/labs\/elsalanty-lab\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Elsalanty Lab<\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                              <li class=\"block my-8\">\n                  <a class=\"text-22 font-normal leading-130 tracking-20 text-white hover:text-yellow transition-default\" href=\"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/research\/labs\/fricano-lab\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Fricano Lab<\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                              <li class=\"block my-8\">\n                  <a class=\"text-22 font-normal leading-130 tracking-20 text-white hover:text-yellow transition-default\" href=\"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/research\/labs\/nalley-lab\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Nalley Lab<\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                              <li class=\"block my-8\">\n                  <a class=\"text-22 font-normal leading-130 tracking-20 text-white hover:text-yellow transition-default\" href=\"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/research\/labs\/peterfy-lab\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Peterfy Lab<\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                              <li class=\"block my-8\">\n                  <a class=\"text-22 font-normal leading-130 tracking-20 text-white hover:text-yellow transition-default\" href=\"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/research\/labs\/scott-lab\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Scott Lab<\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                              <li class=\"block my-8\">\n                  <a class=\"text-22 font-normal leading-130 tracking-20 text-white hover:text-yellow transition-default\" href=\"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/research\/labs\/sperling-lab\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Sperling Lab<\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                              <li class=\"block my-8\">\n                  <a class=\"text-22 font-normal leading-130 tracking-20 text-white hover:text-yellow transition-default\" href=\"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/research\/labs\/steinauer-lab\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Steinauer Lab<\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                              <li class=\"block my-8\">\n                  <a class=\"text-22 font-normal leading-130 tracking-20 text-white hover:text-yellow transition-default\" href=\"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/research\/labs\/szurmant-lab\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Szurmant Lab<\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                              <li class=\"block my-8\">\n                  <a class=\"text-22 font-normal leading-130 tracking-20 text-white hover:text-yellow transition-default\" href=\"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/research\/labs\/venketaraman-lab\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Venketaraman Lab<\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                              <li class=\"block my-8\">\n                  <a class=\"text-22 font-normal leading-130 tracking-20 text-white hover:text-yellow transition-default\" href=\"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/research\/labs\/wagner\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Wagner Lab<\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                              <li class=\"block my-8\">\n                  <a class=\"text-22 font-normal leading-130 tracking-20 text-white hover:text-yellow transition-default\" href=\"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/research\/labs\/wedel-lab\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Wedel Lab<\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                          <\/ul>\n          <\/nav>\n                            <\/div>\n      \n      \n                  \n                  \n      <div class=\"w-full px-24 wysiwyg-content lg:w-7\/12 2xl:w-7\/12\">\n        <h2>Neuroscience Research: Using molecular, cellular and behavioral approaches to study neurological disorders<\/h2>\n<p>Research in the Bi laboratory focuses on understanding the molecular and cellular basis of neurological disorders, including genetic developmental disorders and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. We use multiple approaches to analyze gene expression regulation, protein-protein interactions, and the functions and dynamics of various subcellular organelles in synaptic, neuronal, and behavioral adaptations resulting from internal and environmental alterations.<\/p>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"faculty-card my-48 md:my-72\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n        <div class=\"md:flex md:justify-between md:items-end mb-20\">\n      <h2 class=\"t-h2-sans  text-red md:mr-40\">Faculty Bio<\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"md:flex md:flex-wrap px-12\">\n                                                      \n                                                        \n      <div class=\"px-12 mt-24 w-full md:w-1\/2\">\n        <div class=\"sm:flex w-full py-32 border-b-1 border-gray\">\n                                            <a href=\"\/bios\/?bio=xbi\" class=\"card block w-256 sm:w-1\/3 pl-12 md:pl-0 pr-12 md:pr-18 mr-auto md:mr-0\">\n                <div class=\"rounded-5 md:rounded-8 overflow-hidden\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card__image w-full h-256 sm:h-192 md:h-144 lg:h-192 xl:h-256 object-cover\" alt=\"Portrait of XIAONING BI, PHD, MD\" src=\"\/media\/westernu\/images\/staff\/xbi.jpg\" \/>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n                                <div class=\"w-full h-full md:w-2\/3 pl-12 md:pl-18 mt-18 sm:mt-0\">\n            <p class=\"t-h2-serif leading-120\">\n                            <a href=\"\/bios\/?bio=xbi\" class=\"text-red-light hover:text-red\">XIAONING BI, PHD, MD<\/a>\n                          <\/p>\n            <div class=\"mt-16 t-p2\">\n                            <p class=\"font-bold\">College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific<\/p>\n                                          <p class=\"font-bold\">Professor of Physiology, Daljit and Elaine Sarkaria Endowed Professor in Neuroscience<\/p>\n                                          <p>\n                <a href=\"tel:909-469-5487\" class=\"hover:underline\">909-469-5487<\/a>\n              <\/p>\n                                                        <p>\n                <a href=\"mailto:xbi@westernu.edu\" class=\"hover:underline\">xbi@westernu.edu <\/a>\n              <\/p>\n                                        <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"faculty-card my-48 md:my-72\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n        <div class=\"md:flex md:justify-between md:items-end mb-20\">\n      <h4 class=\"t-h2-sans  text-red md:mr-40\">Lab Members<\/h4>\n    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 xl:grid-cols-3 gap-32\">\n             \n                                                                \n      <div class=\"px-12 mt-24 w-full\">\n        <div class=\"sm:grid sm:grid-cols-[4fr_6fr] w-full\">\n                                <div class=\"card block\">\n                <div class=\"rounded-5 md:rounded-8 overflow-hidden\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card__image w-full h-256 sm:h-192 md:h-144 lg:h-192 xl:h-256 object-cover\" alt=\"wsu\" src=\"\/media\/osteopathic\/wsu.jpg\" \/>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"w-full h-full pl-12 md:pl-18 mt-18 sm:mt-0\">\n            <h4 class=\"font-serif font-bold text-24 leading-120 tracking-20\">\n              <span class=\"text-red-light hover:text-red\">Wenyue Su, PhD<\/span>\n            <\/h4>\n            <div class=\"mt-16 t-p2\">\n                                          <p class=\"font-bold\">Postdoctoral Researcher<\/p>\n                                                        <p>\n                <a href=\"mailto:wsu@westernu.edu\" class=\"hover:underline break-all\">wsu@westernu.edu <\/a>\n              <\/p>\n                                        <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n             \n                                                                \n      <div class=\"px-12 mt-24 w-full\">\n        <div class=\"sm:grid sm:grid-cols-[4fr_6fr] w-full\">\n                                <div class=\"card block\">\n                <div class=\"rounded-5 md:rounded-8 overflow-hidden\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card__image w-full h-256 sm:h-192 md:h-144 lg:h-192 xl:h-256 object-cover\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/media\/osteopathic\/e-penna.jpg\" \/>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"w-full h-full pl-12 md:pl-18 mt-18 sm:mt-0\">\n            <h4 class=\"font-serif font-bold text-24 leading-120 tracking-20\">\n              <span class=\"text-red-light hover:text-red\">Dr. Eduardo Penna<\/span>\n            <\/h4>\n            <div class=\"mt-16 t-p2\">\n                                          <p class=\"font-bold\">Postdoctoral Researcher<\/p>\n                                                        <p>\n                <a href=\"mailto:epenna@westernu.edu\" class=\"hover:underline break-all\">epenna@westernu.edu <\/a>\n              <\/p>\n                                        <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n             \n                                                                \n      <div class=\"px-12 mt-24 w-full\">\n        <div class=\"sm:grid sm:grid-cols-[4fr_6fr] w-full\">\n                                <div class=\"card block\">\n                <div class=\"rounded-5 md:rounded-8 overflow-hidden\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card__image w-full h-256 sm:h-192 md:h-144 lg:h-192 xl:h-256 object-cover\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/media\/osteopathic\/t-reece.jpg\" \/>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"w-full h-full pl-12 md:pl-18 mt-18 sm:mt-0\">\n            <h4 class=\"font-serif font-bold text-24 leading-120 tracking-20\">\n              <span class=\"text-red-light hover:text-red\">Tristan Reece<\/span>\n            <\/h4>\n            <div class=\"mt-16 t-p2\">\n                                          <p class=\"font-bold\">Research Assistant<\/p>\n                                                        <p>\n                <a href=\"mailto:treece@westernu.edu\" class=\"hover:underline break-all\">treece@westernu.edu <\/a>\n              <\/p>\n                                        <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n             \n                                                                \n      <div class=\"px-12 mt-24 w-full\">\n        <div class=\"sm:grid sm:grid-cols-[4fr_6fr] w-full\">\n                                <div class=\"card block\">\n                <div class=\"rounded-5 md:rounded-8 overflow-hidden\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card__image w-full h-256 sm:h-192 md:h-144 lg:h-192 xl:h-256 object-cover\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/media\/osteopathic\/a-shammas.jpg\" \/>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"w-full h-full pl-12 md:pl-18 mt-18 sm:mt-0\">\n            <h4 class=\"font-serif font-bold text-24 leading-120 tracking-20\">\n              <span class=\"text-red-light hover:text-red\">Andrea Shammas<\/span>\n            <\/h4>\n            <div class=\"mt-16 t-p2\">\n                                          <p class=\"font-bold\">MSBS student<\/p>\n                                                        <p>\n                <a href=\"mailto:andrea.shammas@westernu.edu\" class=\"hover:underline break-all\">andrea.shammas@westernu.edu <\/a>\n              <\/p>\n                                        <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n             \n                                                                \n      <div class=\"px-12 mt-24 w-full\">\n        <div class=\"sm:grid sm:grid-cols-[4fr_6fr] w-full\">\n                                <div class=\"card block\">\n                <div class=\"rounded-5 md:rounded-8 overflow-hidden\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card__image w-full h-256 sm:h-192 md:h-144 lg:h-192 xl:h-256 object-cover\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/media\/osteopathic\/a-pizzella.jpg\" \/>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"w-full h-full pl-12 md:pl-18 mt-18 sm:mt-0\">\n            <h4 class=\"font-serif font-bold text-24 leading-120 tracking-20\">\n              <span class=\"text-red-light hover:text-red\">Amelia Pizzella<\/span>\n            <\/h4>\n            <div class=\"mt-16 t-p2\">\n                                          <p class=\"font-bold\">Visiting Researcher Scholar<\/p>\n                                                        <p>\n                <a href=\"mailto:amelia.pizzella@unina.it\" class=\"hover:underline break-all\">amelia.pizzella@unina.it <\/a>\n              <\/p>\n                                        <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n             \n                                                                \n      <div class=\"px-12 mt-24 w-full\">\n        <div class=\"sm:grid sm:grid-cols-[4fr_6fr] w-full\">\n                                <div class=\"card block\">\n                <div class=\"rounded-5 md:rounded-8 overflow-hidden\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card__image w-full h-256 sm:h-192 md:h-144 lg:h-192 xl:h-256 object-cover\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/media\/osteopathic\/m-perez.jpg\" \/>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"w-full h-full pl-12 md:pl-18 mt-18 sm:mt-0\">\n            <h4 class=\"font-serif font-bold text-24 leading-120 tracking-20\">\n              <span class=\"text-red-light hover:text-red\">Martina Perez<\/span>\n            <\/h4>\n            <div class=\"mt-16 t-p2\">\n                                          <p class=\"font-bold\">Research Assistant<\/p>\n                                                        <p>\n                <a href=\"mailto:martina.perez@laverne.edu\" class=\"hover:underline break-all\">martina.perez@laverne.edu <\/a>\n              <\/p>\n                                        <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<section class=\"relative my-48 md:my-72\" vue-app>\n  <div class=\"container\">\n        <app-accordion class=\"px-24 lg:w-4\/5 mx-auto\">\n              <app-accordion-item class=\"accordion-group block leading-1 opt-1\" content-class=\"accordion-group__panel wysiwyg-content\">\n          <template #accordion-trigger=\"{ href, visible, setRef, clickHandler }\">\n            <a :href=\"'#' + href\" \n              :ref=\"setRef\"\n              :class=\"['accordion-group__button scroll-mt-160', {'accordion__trigger_active': visible}]\"\n              @click.stop.prevent=\"clickHandler\"\n            >\n            <span class=\"block py-10\">\n              Research Areas\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"accordion-group-icon relative flex w-56 h-56 ml-20 justify-center items-center bg-black rounded-full flex-shrink-0\">\n                            <span class=\"w-16 icon-chevron-down\">\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.6.0 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license\/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d=\"M233.4 406.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l192-192c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L256 338.7 86.6 169.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l192 192z\"\/><\/svg>\n              <\/span>\n              <span class=\"w-16 icon-chevron-up\">\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.6.0 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license\/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d=\"M233.4 105.4c12.5-12.5 32.8-12.5 45.3 0l192 192c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3s-32.8 12.5-45.3 0L256 173.3 86.6 342.6c-12.5 12.5-32.8 12.5-45.3 0s-12.5-32.8 0-45.3l192-192z\"\/><\/svg>\n              <\/span>\n                          <\/span>\n            <\/a>\n          <\/template>\n          <template #accordion-content>\n            <p><strong>The lysosomal protein, LAMTOR1\/p18, regulates learning and memory by controlling mTOR signaling pathways; alterations in this regulation contribute to the pathogenesis of Angelman syndrome<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>One of the Bi Lab projects over the last few years has focused on the mTOR (mechanistic\/mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway. mTOR consists of two complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, and integrates signals from nutrients, energy levels, growth factors, and stress status. We have recently found that mTORC1 activity is increased while mTORC2 activity is decreased in a mouse model of Angelman syndrome (AS), a disease caused by maternal UBE3A deficiency. The imbalance in mTORC1 and mTORC2 activity is causally related to learning and memory impairment and motor dysfunction in AS mice. Furthermore, we have found that increased mTORC1 activity is due to increased levels of LAMTOR1 (a.k.a. p18) in AS mice due to the lack of Ube3a-mediated degradation. Since abnormal mTOR signaling has been reported in other neurological disorders, including Alzheimer&#8217;s disease and autism spectrum disorders, our findings may have broad implications for the understanding of numerous neurological disorders.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3857 aligncenter\" title=\"My Document Name\" src=\"\/media\/osteopathic\/research-areas1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Potential roles of p18-mTORC1 signaling in\u00a0 synaptic plasticity and learning and memory in wild-type mice (WT) and Angelman syndrome (AS) model mice.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Activation of mTORC1-dependent local protein synthesis increases levels of the immediate-early gene product, Arc (activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein) in AS mice; Arc induces AMPAR endocytosis, which dampens synaptic plasticity and learning efficiency. Reduced mTORC2 activity also hinders synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Regulation of potassium channels by UBE3A<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (SK1-3) are widely distributed throughout the brain and other organs. SK2 channels play important roles in learning and memory and in abnormal brain functions, such as epilepsy and schizophrenia. We have recently shown that synaptic SK2 levels are regulated by UBE3A-mediated degradation, and that lack of this regulation resulting from UBE3A deletion contributes to learning impairment in Angelman syndrome mice. Currently, we are investigating whether protein kinase A-mediated regulation of SK2 channels influences their regulation by UBE3A. Since SK2 channels are widely expressed in mammalian brain, these findings have significant implications for a vast array of neurologic\/neuropsychiatric disorders.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3859 aligncenter\" title=\"My Document Name\" src=\"\/media\/osteopathic\/research-areas2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"301\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Regulation of SK2 channels by UBE3A and PKA facilitates the endocytosis of the channels. Lack of UBE3A-mediated regulation increases synaptic expression of SK2 channels, which impairs synaptic plasticity and neuronal rhythmic activity.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lysosomal dysfunction in brain aging<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We previously reported that lysosomal dysfunction started earlier than previously thought during aging in mammals and was already apparent in middle age. Recent studies have shown that lysosomes have much broad roles than just being a \u201ccellular digestion organelle\u201d; these functions include regulation of protein synthesis and degradation, lipid and glucose metabolism, and gene transcription, at the cellular level; lysosomes also play a significant role in learning and memory, immune function, and cancer development and aging process, etc., at the system level. We are currently developing in vitro and in vivo assays to further investigate the roles of lysosomes in age-related neurodegenerative diseases.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3860\" title=\"My Document Name\" src=\"\/media\/osteopathic\/research-areas3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"340\" \/><\/p>\n\n          <\/template>\n        <\/app-accordion-item>\n              <app-accordion-item class=\"accordion-group block leading-1 opt-1\" content-class=\"accordion-group__panel wysiwyg-content\">\n          <template #accordion-trigger=\"{ href, visible, setRef, clickHandler }\">\n            <a :href=\"'#' + href\" \n              :ref=\"setRef\"\n              :class=\"['accordion-group__button scroll-mt-160', {'accordion__trigger_active': visible}]\"\n              @click.stop.prevent=\"clickHandler\"\n            >\n            <span class=\"block py-10\">\n              Publications\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"accordion-group-icon relative flex w-56 h-56 ml-20 justify-center items-center bg-black rounded-full flex-shrink-0\">\n                            <span class=\"w-16 icon-chevron-down\">\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.6.0 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license\/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d=\"M233.4 406.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l192-192c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L256 338.7 86.6 169.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l192 192z\"\/><\/svg>\n              <\/span>\n              <span class=\"w-16 icon-chevron-up\">\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.6.0 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license\/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d=\"M233.4 105.4c12.5-12.5 32.8-12.5 45.3 0l192 192c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3s-32.8 12.5-45.3 0L256 173.3 86.6 342.6c-12.5 12.5-32.8 12.5-45.3 0s-12.5-32.8 0-45.3l192-192z\"\/><\/svg>\n              <\/span>\n                          <\/span>\n            <\/a>\n          <\/template>\n          <template #accordion-content>\n            <h2>Selected Publications (from 2010)<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fcitations%3Fhl%3Den%26user%3DUrSq3cEAAAAJ%26view_op%3Dlist_works&amp;data=02%7C01%7Ccrivera%40westernu.edu%7C5df5c6bd39cd4fb3cfe708d8461b60d7%7C25a6f4f8d912492a84df376754ba693e%7C1%7C0%7C637336430685885480&amp;sdata=bN6bulVlLtur4LEcW5aZMgAP30boNWAALiqlpUGRitI%3D&amp;reserved=0\"><strong>Google Scholar link<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>2019<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Heysieattalab S, Lee KH, Liu Y, Wang Y, Foy MR, <strong>Bi X<\/strong>, Baudry M (2019) Impaired cerebellar plasticity and eye-blink conditioning in calpain-1 knock-out mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2019 Feb 5. pii: S1074-7427(19)30015-2. doi: 10.1016\/j.nlm.2019.02.005. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 30735788<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Liu Y., Johe K., Sun J., Hao X., Wang Y., <strong>Bi X<\/strong>, Baudry M. (2019) Enhancement of synaptic plasticity and reversal of impairments in motor and cognitive functions in a mouse model of Angelman Syndrome by a small neurogenic molecule, NSI-189. Neuropharmacology. 2019 Jan;144:337-344. doi: 10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.10.038. Epub 2018 Nov 5.PMID: 3002 0076 (2018)\u00a0\u00a0 PMID: 30408487<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2018<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sun J, Liu Y, Jia Y, Hao X, Lin WJ, Tran J, Lynch G, Baudry M, <strong>Bi X<\/strong> (2018). UBE3A-mediated p18\/LAMTOR1 ubiquitination and degradation regulate mTORC1 activity and synaptic plasticity. Elife. 2018 Jul 18;7. pii: e37993. doi: 10.7554\/eLife.37993. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 30020076<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Wang, Y.,\u00a0<strong><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.1126px; font-style: normal;\">Bi, X<\/span>.<\/strong>, and Baudry M (2018) Calpain-2 as a therapeutic target for acute neuronal injury. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2018 Jan;22(1):19-29. doi: 10.1080\/14728222.2018.1409723. Epub 2017 Nov 28. Review. PMID: 29168923\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 PMID: 29168923<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2017<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Wang, Y., Hall R.A., Lee, M., Kamgar-Parsi, A., <strong>Bi, X.<\/strong>, and Baudry M (2017) The tyrosine phosphatase PTPN13\/FAP-1 links calpain-2, TBI and tau tyrosine phosphorylation. Sci Rep. 2017 Sep 18;7(1):11771. doi: 10.1038\/s41598-017-12236-3. PMID: 28924170<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Wang, Y., Liu Y., Lopez D., Lee M., Dayal S., Hurtado A., <strong>Bi, X.<\/strong>, and Baudry M (2017) Protection against TBI-induced neuronal death with post-treatment with a selective calpain-2 inhibitor in mice. J Neurotrauma. 2017 Jun 8. doi: 10.1089\/neu.2017.5024. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 28594313<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zhu G., Briz V., Seinfeld J., Liu Y., <strong>Bi X.<\/strong>, Baudry M. (2017) Calpain-1 deletion impairs mGluR-dependent LTD and fear memory extinction. Sci. Rep 2017 Feb 16;7:42788. doi: 10.1038\/srep42788. PMID: 28202907<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Sun J, Baudry M, <strong>Bi X.<\/strong> (2017) Novel neurobiological roles of UBE3A. Oncotarget. 2017 Feb 5. doi: 10.18632\/oncotarget.15105. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 28179584<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2016<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Seinfeld J, Baudry N, Xu X., <strong>Bi X.<\/strong>, and Baudry M (2016) Differential activation of calpain-1 and calpain-2 following kainate-induced seizure activity in rats and mice. eNeuro 2016; 10.1523\/ENEURO.0088-15.2016 PMID: 27622212<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Liu Y., Sun J., Wang Y., Lopez D., Tran J., <strong>Bi X<\/strong>, Baudry M. (2016) Deleting both PHLPP1 and CANP1 rescues impairments in long-term potentiation and learning in both single knockout mice. Learn Mem. 2016 Jul 15;23(8):399-404. doi: 10.1101\/lm.042721.116. Print 2016 Aug. PMID: 27421891<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Wang, Y., Lopez D., Davey P.G., Cameron J., Nguyen K., Tran J., Marquez E., Liu Y., <strong>Bi, X.<\/strong>, and Baudry M (2016) Calpain-1 and calpain-2 play opposite roles in retinal ganglion cell degeneration induced by retinal ischemia\/reperfusion injury. Neurobiol Dis. 2016 Sep;93:121-8. doi: 10.1016\/j.nbd.2016.05.007. Epub 2016 May 13. PMID: 27185592<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Wang Y, Hersheson J, Lopez D, Hammer M, Liu Y, Lee KH, Pinto V, Seinfeld J, Wiethoff S, Sun J, Amouri R, Hentati F, Baudry N, Tran J, Singleton AB, Coutelier M, Brice A, Stevanin G, Durr A, <strong>Bi X<\/strong>, Houlden H, Baudry M. (2016) Defects in the CAPN1 gene result in alterations in cerebellar development and in cerebellar ataxia in mice and humans. Cell Rep. 2016 Jun 28;16(1):79-91. doi: 10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.05.044. Epub 2016 Jun 16. PMID: 27320912.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Sun J., Liu Y., Tran J., O\u2019Neal P., Baudry M., and <strong>Bi X<\/strong>. (2016) mTORC1-S6K1 inhibition or mTORC2 activation improves hippocampal synaptic plasticity and learning in Angelman syndrome mice. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2016 Nov;73(22):4303-4314. PMID: 27173058<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Liu Y, Wang Y., Zhu G, Sun J., <strong>Bi X<\/strong>, Baudry M. (2016) A calpain-2 selective inhibitor enhances learning &amp; memory by prolonging ERK activation. Neuropharm. Feb 18;105:471-477. doi: 10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.02.022. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 26907807<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Baudry M., and <strong>Bi X<\/strong>. (2016) Calpain-1 and calpain-2: The yin and yang of synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration. Trend Neurosci. 39(4):235-45. doi: 10.1016\/j.tins.2016.01.007. Epub 2016 PMID: 26874794<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bi, X<\/strong>. Sun, J, Ji, A.X. Baudry, M (2016) Potential therapeutic approaches for Angelman syndrome. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2016 2016;20(5):601-13. doi: 10.1517\/14728222.2016.1115837. PMID: 26558806<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2015<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Briz V, Liu Y, Zhu G, <strong>Bi X<\/strong>, Baudry M. (2015) A novel form of synaptic plasticity in field CA3 of hippocampus requires GPER1 activation and BDNF release. J Cell Biol 2015 Sep 28;210(7):1225-37. doi: 10.1083\/jcb.201504092. Epub 2015 Sep 21. PMID: 26391661<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Sun J, Liu Y, Zhu G., Standley S., Ji A., Tunuguntla R., Wang Y., Claus C., Lou Y., Baudry M., <strong>Bi X<\/strong>. (2015) UBE3A regulates synaptic plasticity and learning and memory by controlling SK2 channel endocytosis. Cell Rep. 2015 Jul 21;12(3):449-61. doi: 10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.06.023. Epub 2015 Jul 9. PMID: 26166566<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bi, X<\/strong>. Sun, J, and Baudry, M (2015) Yin-and-Yang of mTORC1\/C2 in Angelman syndrome. Oncotarget, Vol. 6, No. 16. 13844-13845. Editorial. PMID: 26116835<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Liao G., Wang Z., Lee E., Moreno S., Abuelnasr O., Baudry M., <strong>Bi X<\/strong> (2015) Enhanced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-12 contributes to Npc1 deficiency-induced axonal degeneration. Exp Neurol 269:67-74. PMID: 25864931<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Sun J, Liu Y, Moreno S., Baudry M, <strong>Bi X<\/strong> (2015) Imbalanced mTORC1 and mTORC2 activity in cerebellum of Angelman syndrome mice impairs motor function. J Neurosci 35(11): 4706-4718. PMID: 25788687<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Briz V, Zhu G, Wang Y, Liu Y, Avetisyam M, <strong>Bi X<\/strong>, Baudry M. (2015) Activity-dependent rapid local RhoA synthesis is required for hippocampal synaptic plasticity. J Neurosci ;35(5):2269-2282. PMID: 25653381<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zhu G, Liu Y, Wang Y, <strong>Bi X<\/strong>, Baudry M. (2015) Different Patterns of Electrical Activity Lead to Long-term Potentiation by Activating Different Intracellular Pathways. J Neurosci ;35(2):621-33. PMID: 25589756<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Baudry M, Zhu G, Liu Y, Wang Y, Briz V, <strong>Bi X<\/strong>. (2015) Multiple cellular cascades participate in long-term potentiation and in hippocampus-dependent learning. Brain Res.\u00a0 2015 Sep 24;1621:73-81. doi: 10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.11.033. Epub 2014 Dec 4. PMID: 25482663<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2014<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Wang, Y., Zhu, G., Briz, V., Hsu, Y.-T., <strong>Bi, X.<\/strong>, and Baudry M, (2014) A molecular brake controls the magnitude of long-term potentiation. Nature Commun 2014;5:3051. doi: 10.1038\/ncomms4051. PMID: 24394804<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2013<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Wang, Y., Briz V., Chishti A., <strong>Bi X<\/strong>., Baudry M. (2013) Distinct roles for \u03bc-calpain and m-calpain in synaptic NMDAR-mediated neuroprotection and extrasynaptic NMDAR-mediated neurodegeneration. J Neurosci. 2013 Nov 27;33(48):18880-92. doi: 10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3293-13.2013. PMID: 24285894<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Baudry, M., <strong>Bi, X<\/strong>. (2013) Learning and memory: An emergent property of cell motility. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2013 May 21;104C:64-72. PMID: 23707799<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Briz, V., Hsu, Y.-T., Li, Y., Lee, E., <strong>Bi, X<\/strong>., and Baudry, M (2013) Calpain-2-mediated PTEN degradation contributes to BDNF-induced stimulation of dendritic protein synthesis. J. Neurosci. 2013 Mar 6;33(10):4317-28. PMID: 23467348<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Baudry, M., Chou, M.M., and <strong>Bi, X<\/strong>. (2013) Targeting calpain in synaptic plasticity. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2013 May;17(5):579-92. PMID: 23379852<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Baudry, M., <strong>Bi, X<\/strong>., and Aguirr, C. (2012) Progesterone-estrogen interactions in synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection. Neuroscience. 2013 Jun 3;239:280-94. 2012 Nov 7. PMID: 23142339<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2012<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Allyson, J., <strong>Bi, X.<\/strong>, Baudry, M., and Massicotte G. (2012) Maintenance of synaptic stability requires calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity. Neural Plasticity. 2012:569149. doi: 10.1155\/2012\/569149. Epub 2012 May 20. PMID: 22685677<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Baudry, M., Kramar, E., Xu, X., Zadran, H., Moreno, S., Lynch, G., Gall C., and <strong>Bi, X<\/strong>. (2012) Ampakines promote spine actin polymerization, long-term potentiation, and learning in a mouse model of Angelman Syndrome. Neurobiol. Dis. 47(2):210-5. Epub 2012 Apr 16. PMID: 22525571<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Clausen A., Xu X., <strong>Bi X<\/strong>., and Baudry M. (2012) Effects of the superoxide dismutase\/catalase mimetic EUK-207 in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Protection against and interruption of progression of amyloid and tau pathology and cognitive decline. J Alzheimers Dis. 30(1):183-208. PMID: 22406441<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2011<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hsu Y.-T., Liao G., <strong>Bi X.<\/strong>, Oka, T., Tamura, S., and Baudry, M. (2011) The PDE10A inhibitor, papaverine, differentially activates ERK in male and female rat striatal slices. Neuropharmacology. 2011 Dec;61(8):1275-81. Epub 2011 Jul 28. PMID: 21816164<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Yu L., Rostamiani K., Hsu Y.-T., Wang Y., <strong>Bi X.<\/strong>, and Baudry M. (2011) Calpain-mediated regulation of stargazin in adult rat brain. Neuroscience 2011 Mar 31;178:13-20. Epub 2011 Jan 20. PMID: 21256931<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Baudry M., <strong>Bi X.<\/strong>, Gall C.M., and Lynch G. (2011) The Biochemistry of Memory: The Twenty-Six Year Journey of a &#8216;New and Specific Hypothesis&#8217; Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2011 Feb;95(2):125-33. Epub 2010 Dec 4. PMID: 21134478<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2010<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zadran S., <strong>Bi X<\/strong>. and Baudry, M. (2010) Regulation of calpain-2 in neurons: Implications for synaptic plasticity. Mol. Neurobiol. 2010 Oct;42(2):143-150. Epub 2010 Oct 6. PMID: 20924799<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Qin, Q., Liao, G., Baudry, M., and <strong>Bi X<\/strong>. (2010) Role of calpain-mediated p53 truncation in semaphorin 3A-induced axonal growth regulation. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 107(31):13883-7. Epub 2010 Jul 19. PMID: 20643936<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Qin Q., Liao, G., Baudry M., and <strong>Bi X<\/strong>. (2010) Cholesterol perturbation in mice results in p53 degradation and axonal pathology through p38 MAPK and Mdm2 activation. PLoS ONE 5(4): e9999. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0009999 PMID: 20386595<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zadran S., Jourdi H., Rostamiani K., Qin Q., <strong>Bi X<\/strong>. and Baudry, M. (2010) BDNF- and EGF-mediated neuronal calpain activation through MAPK-dependent phosphorylation. J. Neurosci, 2010 30: 1086-1095 PMID: 20089917<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Liao, G., Wen, Z., Irizarry, K., Huang, Y., Mitsouras, K., Darmani, M., Leon, T., Shi, L. and<strong> Bi, X<\/strong>. (2010). Abnormal gene expression in cerebellum of Npc1-\/- mice during postnatal development. Brain Res. 1325:128-140 PMID: 20153740<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bi X<\/strong>, Liao G. (2010) Cholesterol in Niemann-Pick Type C disease. Subcell Biochem. 2010;51:319-35. doi: 10.1007\/978-90-481-8622-8_11. Review. PMID: 20213549<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n          <\/template>\n        <\/app-accordion-item>\n              <app-accordion-item class=\"accordion-group block leading-1 opt-1\" content-class=\"accordion-group__panel wysiwyg-content\">\n          <template #accordion-trigger=\"{ href, visible, setRef, clickHandler }\">\n            <a :href=\"'#' + href\" \n              :ref=\"setRef\"\n              :class=\"['accordion-group__button scroll-mt-160', {'accordion__trigger_active': visible}]\"\n              @click.stop.prevent=\"clickHandler\"\n            >\n            <span class=\"block py-10\">\n              Lab Alumni \n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"accordion-group-icon relative flex w-56 h-56 ml-20 justify-center items-center bg-black rounded-full flex-shrink-0\">\n                            <span class=\"w-16 icon-chevron-down\">\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.6.0 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license\/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d=\"M233.4 406.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l192-192c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L256 338.7 86.6 169.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l192 192z\"\/><\/svg>\n              <\/span>\n              <span class=\"w-16 icon-chevron-up\">\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.6.0 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license\/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d=\"M233.4 105.4c12.5-12.5 32.8-12.5 45.3 0l192 192c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3s-32.8 12.5-45.3 0L256 173.3 86.6 342.6c-12.5 12.5-32.8 12.5-45.3 0s-12.5-32.8 0-45.3l192-192z\"\/><\/svg>\n              <\/span>\n                          <\/span>\n            <\/a>\n          <\/template>\n          <template #accordion-content>\n            <p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 80%;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"20\" cellpadding=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th width=\"175\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3863 aligncenter\" style=\"font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-size: 15.1126px; font-family: sans-serif;\" title=\"My Document Name\" src=\"\/media\/osteopathic\/sunj.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/th>\n<td><strong>Jiandong Sun, PhD<\/strong><br \/>\nSenior Postdoctoral Researcher<br \/>\n<a href=\"mailto:sunj@westernu.edu\">sunj@westernu.edu<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3866 aligncenter\" style=\"font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-size: 15.1126px; font-family: sans-serif;\" title=\"My Document Name\" src=\"\/media\/osteopathic\/yliu.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/td>\n<td><strong>Yan Liu, PhD<\/strong><br \/>\nPostdoctoral Researcher<br \/>\n<a href=\"mailto:yliu@westernu.edu\">yliu@westernu.edu<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3870 aligncenter\" style=\"font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-size: 11.768px; font-family: sans-serif;\" title=\"My Document Name\" src=\"\/media\/osteopathic\/xhao.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/td>\n<td><strong>Xiaoning Hao, MS<\/strong><br \/>\nResearch Assistant<br \/>\n<a href=\"mailto:xhao@westernu.edu\">xhao@westernu.edu<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3873 aligncenter\" title=\"My Document Name\" src=\"\/media\/osteopathic\/wjlin.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/td>\n<td><strong>Wei-Ju Lin<\/strong><br \/>\nMS student in Biomedical Sciences<br \/>\n<a href=\"mailto:wjlin@westernu.edu\">wjlin@westernu.edu<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n          <\/template>\n        <\/app-accordion-item>\n          <\/app-accordion>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":0,"parent":8215,"menu_order":8,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-3845","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3845","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3845"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3845\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14841,"href":"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3845\/revisions\/14841"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8215"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stagewp.westernu.edu\/osteopathic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3845"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}